Environmental assessment of Malagasy pavement materials: case of cold mix asphalt and chip seal
Résumé
Climate change and environmental issues force each country to establish the carbon balance and the energy balance in its sectors of activity. However, Malagasy road engineering, where the environmental assessment has not known a real quantification of environmental impacts, focuses more on the technical and financial aspect of the project. Thus, this present work has an interest in attaching to Malagasy cold hydrocarbon products, Greenhouse gas emission (GHG) and Primary Energy Consumption (PEC) factors. We use here the methodologies of the Life Cycle Assessment on System Boundaries (SB) going “from the cradle to the construction phase”. Inventory data correlates with normative road engineering techniques and energy aspects, and then confirms Madagascar's insularity. The SIMA PRO software thus, translates the inventory data into terms of impacts. By using bitumen emulsion as a binder, the results conclude a greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factor and an energy consumption of 63.4 kgCO2eq/m3 and 904 MJ/m3 for Dense Cold Asphalt 0/12.5 (DCA 0/12.5), then 0.298 kgCO2eq/m² and 4.28MJ/m² for the single chip seal 4/6 (SCS 4/6), likewise 0.597 kgCO2eq/m² and 8.62MJ/m² for the Double Chip Seal 2/10 (DCS 2/10), also 0.85 kgCO2eq/m² and 12.3MJ/m² for double chip seal 4/14 (DCS 4/14). Using the Cut-Back, we retain the values of 109 kgCO2eq/m3 and 2440 MJ/m3 for DCA 0/12.5, 0.479 kgCO2eq/m² and 11.6 MJ/m² for the single chip seal 4/6 (SCS 4/6), 0.89 kgCO2eq/m² and 20.8MJ/m² for double chip seal 2/10 (DCS 2/10), also 1.28 kgCO2eq/m² and 30.2MJ/m² for double chip seal 4/10 (DCS 4/10).
Cold Asphalt, Surface Coating, Bitumen Emulsion, Cut-back, Life Cycle Assessment, Greenhouse Gas
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